{"id":4290,"date":"2026-06-22T13:40:50","date_gmt":"2026-06-22T09:10:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/?p=4290"},"modified":"2026-06-29T18:25:52","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T13:55:52","slug":"sazeh-felezi-sanati-chist-rahnemaye-kamel-tarahi-sakht-va-ejra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/en\/sazeh-felezi-sanati-chist-rahnemaye-kamel-tarahi-sakht-va-ejra\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4290\" class=\"elementor elementor-4290\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a51fda6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a51fda6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e1ba329\" data-id=\"e1ba329\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c65b9df elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c65b9df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9760d64 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9760d64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6f71e45 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6f71e45\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-89876c3\" data-id=\"89876c3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b78b986 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b78b986\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d92eac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5d92eac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00a0\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b593fa0 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b593fa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3abe1c7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3abe1c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7ad2d1a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7ad2d1a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-604fe91\" data-id=\"604fe91\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35b22ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35b22ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u06af\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0632\u060c <strong>\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0645\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0644\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc <strong>AISC<\/strong> (\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627)\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc <strong>ECCS<\/strong> (\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc) \u0648 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06cc \u0698\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 <em>Journal of Constructional Steel Research<\/em> (\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u0631)\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0627 \u0635\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c77de elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"22c77de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b2b546 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3b2b546\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u06f1. \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f (\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c72a45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9c72a45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u060c <strong>\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/strong><strong> (Industrial Steel Structure)<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc (\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u067e\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627) \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0631\u062b\u0642\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a) \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0647 <strong>\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af<\/strong><strong> (Clear Spans)<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e938822 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e938822\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u06f2. \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83baea9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83baea9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48a75d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48a75d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0641) \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 (Portal Frames)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4bf72a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4bf72a9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc0be77\" data-id=\"bc0be77\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2872745 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2872745\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0622\u0644 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06f2\u06f0 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06f6\u06f0 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca425ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ca425ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0628) \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc (Multi-Story Industrial Buildings)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61cfd49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61cfd49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u067e\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0698\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644 <em>Steel and Composite Structures<\/em>\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0628 (\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0646) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0631\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-052ace4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"052ace4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u062c) \u062e\u0631\u067e\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631 (Space Trusses)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d535827 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d535827\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0622\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0642\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0633\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5db75aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5db75aa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dce082\" data-id=\"5dce082\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bcadff elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9bcadff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627-Portal-Frames-1024x684.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4305\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627-Portal-Frames-1024x684.webp 1024w, https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627-Portal-Frames-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627-Portal-Frames-768x513.webp 768w, https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627-Portal-Frames-1536x1025.webp 1536w, https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627-Portal-Frames-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627-Portal-Frames.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e63e50d\" data-id=\"e63e50d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b18a7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6b18a7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0686\u0646\u062f\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647-\u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc-Multi-Story-Industrial-Buildings-1024x683.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4306\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0686\u0646\u062f\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647-\u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc-Multi-Story-Industrial-Buildings-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0686\u0646\u062f\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647-\u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc-Multi-Story-Industrial-Buildings-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0686\u0646\u062f\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647-\u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc-Multi-Story-Industrial-Buildings-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0686\u0646\u062f\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647-\u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc-Multi-Story-Industrial-Buildings-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0686\u0646\u062f\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647-\u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc-Multi-Story-Industrial-Buildings.webp 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-70d1e2c\" data-id=\"70d1e2c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abaa68b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"abaa68b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" src=\"https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u062e\u0631\u067e\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u06cc-\u0648-\u0641\u0636\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631-Space-Trusses-1024x680.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4307\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u062e\u0631\u067e\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u06cc-\u0648-\u0641\u0636\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631-Space-Trusses-1024x680.webp 1024w, https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u062e\u0631\u067e\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u06cc-\u0648-\u0641\u0636\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631-Space-Trusses-300x199.webp 300w, https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u062e\u0631\u067e\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u06cc-\u0648-\u0641\u0636\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631-Space-Trusses-768x510.webp 768w, https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u062e\u0631\u067e\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u06cc-\u0648-\u0641\u0636\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631-Space-Trusses-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/shahrnegarco.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u062e\u0631\u067e\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc-\u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u06cc-\u0648-\u0641\u0636\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0631-Space-Trusses.webp 1216w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"> \u062e\u0631\u067e\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u06cc <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2123545 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2123545\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a334fe6\" data-id=\"a334fe6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78589a4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"78589a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab552ed elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ab552ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-851386f elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"851386f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cc6e82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3cc6e82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>1<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-66df9b0 elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"66df9b0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-477b714 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"477b714\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60a9d72 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"60a9d72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc12d75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc12d75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u06f3. \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc (Engineering Design)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64efe63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"64efe63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 <strong>ASD<\/strong> (\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632) \u0648 <strong>LRFD<\/strong> (\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u06cc\/ \u0641\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a) \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc <strong>AISC 360<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0631\u062b\u0642\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0642\u0641\u06cc (Overhead Cranes) \u062a\u06a9\u200c\u067e\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0641\u062a\u200c\u067e\u0644 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0647<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0628\u06a9 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 (Tapered Sections) \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-146846c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"146846c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-46809c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"46809c3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f6c3d95\" data-id=\"f6c3d95\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-904dd8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"904dd8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\ud83d\udd17 <strong>\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u062c\u0632\u06cc\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0622\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/strong><strong>\u00bb<\/strong> \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-add407c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"add407c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96e9c2a\" data-id=\"96e9c2a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dd204c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2dd204c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u06f4. \u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 (Materials &amp; Standards)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-051bc3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"051bc3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc (Fatigue) \u0648 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f<\/strong><strong> ST37 (S235):<\/strong> \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0631\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f<\/strong><strong> ST52 (S355):<\/strong> \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698 \u067e\u0631\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u062b\u0642\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 <strong>AISC<\/strong>\u060c <strong>ECCS<\/strong> \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc (<strong>RCSC<\/strong>)\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 (Tolerances) \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23cb186 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"23cb186\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u06f5. \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 (Fabrication &amp; Erection)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdbea83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdbea83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a <strong>\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06af\u06cc<\/strong><strong> (Prefabrication)<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0644\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0644: \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u067e \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u06af (Shop Drawings) \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f Tekla Structures\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0645: \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644 (\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc.<\/li>\n<li>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0644\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u067e\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 (\u067e\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627) \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0633\u0642\u0641 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0686 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u0644).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-621a4cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"621a4cf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c45a9a\" data-id=\"3c45a9a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72ba106 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72ba106\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\ud83d\udd17 <strong>\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647: <\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0628\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u06cc\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/strong><strong>\u00bb<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5023888 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5023888\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3cf463e\" data-id=\"3cf463e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c17190b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c17190b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a02744 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0a02744\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u06f6. \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e0f814 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e0f814\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u061f \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 <strong>World Steel Association<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"136\">\n<p><strong>\u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"237\">\n<p><strong>\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"242\">\n<p><strong>\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"136\">\n<p><strong>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"237\">\n<p>\u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 (\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06af\u06cc)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"242\">\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f (\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u062a\u0646)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"136\">\n<p><strong>\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"237\">\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0622\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"242\">\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"136\">\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"237\">\n<p>\u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 (\u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0634 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"242\">\n<p>\u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"136\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"237\">\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 (\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"242\">\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0641\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"136\">\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"237\">\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc (\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"242\">\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 (\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ba43e4f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ba43e4f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd3aeb2\" data-id=\"fd3aeb2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-becb682 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"becb682\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f7e209 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2f7e209\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5eeb3d8 elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"5eeb3d8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe4d209 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe4d209\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>2<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e1cb1c1 elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"e1cb1c1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b4f4e8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1b4f4e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41946c5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"41946c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de39ba9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"de39ba9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u06f7. \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc (Maintenance &amp; Durability)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ceec1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ceec1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f (\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0698\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644 <em>International Journal of Structural Integrity<\/em> \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f):<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641) \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0632\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0632\u062f\u06af\u06cc<\/strong><strong> (Corrosion)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u06af\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 (\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u0631\u06cc\u0686 \u0627\u067e\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646) \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f126894 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f126894\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0127ead\" data-id=\"0127ead\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bdb49e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6bdb49e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\ud83d\udd17 <strong>\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> \u062c\u0632\u06cc\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0648\u060c \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0631\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0636\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc<\/strong><strong>\u00bb<\/strong> \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1324077 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1324077\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9821fbe\" data-id=\"9821fbe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f995509 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f995509\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0628) \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0642<\/strong><strong> (Fire Resistance)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f5\u06f0\u06f0 \u062a\u0627 \u06f6\u06f0\u06f0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u062f\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0642 (\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0641) \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062a\u0634\u200c\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062f\u062a\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0634\u062a\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u060c \u062f\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u0648\u200c\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0645\u06af\u06cc \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5735770 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5735770\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f861d6a\" data-id=\"f861d6a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27cb56a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"27cb56a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f11c64e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f11c64e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0648\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc <strong>AISC<\/strong> \u0648 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0647 <em>Journal of Constructional Steel Research<\/em> \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db62fb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"db62fb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2301\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2301\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u06f1. \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc LRFD \u0648 ASD \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2301\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2301\"><div class=\"flex flex-col text-sm pb-25\">\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634 <strong>ASD (Allowable Strength Design)<\/strong> \u06cc\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 (Safety Factor) \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 <strong>LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design)<\/strong> \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 <strong>AISC 360<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f (\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062f) \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 (\u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a) \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0631\u0648\u0634 LRFD \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d28755 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"1d28755\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-3051\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-3051\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u06f2. \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f ST52 \u0628\u0631 ST37 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u061f<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-3051\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-3051\"><p data-start=\"3867\" data-end=\"3941\">\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f <strong>ST52 (<\/strong><strong>\u06cc\u0627<\/strong><strong> S355)<\/strong> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698 \u067e\u0631\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a (HSLA) \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06f3\u06f5\u06f5 \u0645\u06af\u0627\u067e\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06f2\u06f3\u06f5 \u0645\u06af\u0627\u067e\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f ST37). \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0698\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644 <em>Advanced Steel Construction<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 ST52 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639 \u0648 \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u062b\u0642\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0636\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0628\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0644\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e32838 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"7e32838\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1321\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u06f3. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a (\u0627\u0635\u0637\u06a9\u0627\u06a9\u06cc) \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1321\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1321\"><p>\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646 <strong>RCSC (Research Council on Structural Connections)<\/strong>\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f A325 \u0648 A490) \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u06a9\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u062a\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0641\u062a \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0647<\/strong><strong> (Turn-of-Nut Method):<\/strong> \u0633\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0634 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong><strong> (Calibrated Wrench):<\/strong> \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06af\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0634<\/strong><strong> (DTI):<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c332c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"0c332c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1271\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1271\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u06f4. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0686\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u061f<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1271\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1271\"><p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 (\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc C4 \u06cc\u0627 C5 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 ISO 12944)\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <strong>ECCS<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647<\/strong><strong> (Primer):<\/strong> \u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u0631\u06cc\u0686 \u0627\u067e\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc (Zinc-Rich Epoxy) \u062c\u0647\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/strong><strong> (Intermediate):<\/strong> \u0627\u067e\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0633\u0647 (MIO) \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u062f \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0636\u062e\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><strong> (Topcoat):<\/strong> \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 (Polyurethane) \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u0639\u0647 UV \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d57ff6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"d57ff6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2231\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2231\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u06f5. \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc (Fatigue) \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0631\u062b\u0642\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u061f<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2231\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2231\"><p>\u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628 (\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062c\u0631\u062b\u0642\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0642\u0641\u06cc) \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u067e\u06cc \u0648 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0627\u06af\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc <strong>AISC<\/strong> \u0648 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0698\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644 <em>International Journal of Structural Integrity<\/em>\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u062b\u0642\u06cc\u0644 (Crane Girders)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0634 (Stress Range) \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u06af\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 (\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0634) \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0628 (NDT) \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 (UT) \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8cef955 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8cef955\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f34a9f\" data-id=\"4f34a9f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6067da elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b6067da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60852f8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"60852f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-91f119c elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"91f119c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8644c9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8644c9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>3<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd16a8c elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"fd16a8c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-763fa39 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"763fa39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20eecb4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"20eecb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-75b6b2c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"75b6b2c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e98058\" data-id=\"7e98058\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a20ba8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a20ba8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \ud83d\udc48 <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/strong><strong>\u00bb<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \ud83d\udc48 <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/strong><strong>\u00bb<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \ud83d\udc48 <strong>\u00ab<\/strong><strong>\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc<\/strong><strong>\u00bb<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a4fb0fa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a4fb0fa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-683c328\" data-id=\"683c328\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a930172 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a930172\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631<\/strong><strong> (References)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)<\/strong> \u2013 <em>Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (AISC 360)<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Journal of Constructional Steel Research (Elsevier)<\/strong> \u2013 <em>Design and Behavior of Industrial Steel Frame Systems<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>World Steel Association<\/strong> \u2013 <em>Steel in Industrial and Infrastructure Applications Data Report<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>European Convention for Constructional Steelwork (ECCS)<\/strong> \u2013 <em>Design of Steel Structures for Industrial Buildings<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-86a84fc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"86a84fc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-582845d\" data-id=\"582845d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7ad790 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c7ad790\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-971e867 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"971e867\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f \u00a0\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u06af\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc 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